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Background  We investigated the relationship between small cell lung cancer ( SCLC ) and non‐small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) based on micro ribonucleic acid (mi RNA)  and messenger (m) RNA  expression profiles.    Methods  Utilizing the differentially expressed  mRNAs  and the targeting  miRNAs , the  mRNA ‐ miRNA  network for the two cancers was constructed. By integrating the  miRNA  expression profile, drug, and drug targets,  miRNA ‐drug target‐drug networks were established and the mechanisms in drug therapy efficacy were compared between  SCLC  and  NSCLC .    Results  Drug targets of different expressed  miRNAs  of  SCLC  are mainly located in the organelle, act in the electron carrier activity, and consist of the synapse; while drug targets of  NSCLC  are the membrane‐enclosed lumen, mainly distributed in the extracellular region and synapse, and function in the binding. Drug targets of  miRNA  expressed commonly in the two cancers are involved in the reproduction multi‐organism process. In  SCLC , the  miR ‐16 in the  miRNA ‐drug target‐drug network is significant and follows the result of the  mRNA ‐ miRNA  network. The pigmentation and rhythmic process of  SCLC  is different from  NSCLC , while the process of cellular component biogenesis and cellular component organization are important for the occurrence of  NSCLC .  miR ‐16 in the  miRNA ‐ mRNA ‐drug network of  SCLC  is significant and we acquired 11 potential drugs, such as dexamethasone and budesonide. The  miR ‐124 for  NSCLC  is important in the network and 17 potential drugs were screened, including dexamethasone and budesonide.    Conclusions  These findings suggest that  miR ‐16 and  miR ‐124 might be novel diagnostic and prognostics markers for  SCLC  and  NSCLC , respectively.

Analysis for the mechanism between the small cell lung cancer and non‐small cell lung cancer combing the miRNA and mRNA expression profiles