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Summary  In poultry, HyLine (HL) Hens are known for their excellent laying performance. However, ZhenNing (ZN) Hens, a native chicken breed in China, are known for their unique flavour. The intestinal mucosa, which is the main organ for nutrient absorption, could affect livestock product quality. In ZN Hens’ intestinal mucosa, we found more villus wrinkles, larger villus circumference and higher amino acid transporters mRNA abundance compared with HL Hens. Among three laying periods of ZN Hens, in the intestinal lumen,  Lactobacillus salivarius (L. sa.) ,  Lactobacillus agilis (L. ag.)  and  Lactobacillus aviarius  were the predominant species in the laying peak period. Furthermore, multiple‐antibiotics feeding in ZN Hens and predominant  Lactobacillus  feeding in HL Hens suggested that these  Lactobacilli  could indeed increase villus wrinkles and improve intestinal absorption. In HL Hens,  L. sa. + L. ag . treatment could promote organoids budding  in vitro , and promote epithelial proliferation  in vivo . Collectively, the unique intestinal mucosa morphology in ZN Hens was due to the high abundance of intestinal  L. sa . and  L. ag . Transplant these  Lactobacilli  to HL Hens could increase their intestinal probiotics abundance, fine adjust the intestinal stem cell function and promote the epithelial proliferation, in turn, increase villus winkles and mucosal absorption area.

microbial biotechnology

Transplantion of predominant  Lactobacilli  from native hens to commercial hens could indirectly regulate their ISC activity by improving intestinal microbiota