Digital and greening strategies for financial resilience in a three‐echelon supply chain

Abstract Integrating green initiatives and digital technology within supply chain management presents notable advantages, enhancing both sustainability and operational efficiency. This study examines the pivotal roles of blockchain and cybersecurity technologies in managing green supply chains under deterministic and stochastic conditions. It explores a three‐tier supply chain setup encompassing a supplier, a manufacturer, and a retailer. Through a comparative analysis of traditional and digital implementation scenarios, the study delineates the impacts through numerical illustration. In the deterministic scenario, the classical optimization approach is applied by implementing a Stackelberg leader–follower game using the backwards induction method for optimal pricing and greening. In the stochastic scenario, for the centralized case, an optimization method based on a search technique is employed. The results underscore the indispensability of green investment and blockchain technology to facilitate optimal decision‐making, with market variability exerting a significant influence on stakeholder profitability. Moreover, the stochastic nature of demand occasionally yields economic benefits. In the context of random scenarios, the centralized game significantly surpasses the traditional and only blockchain‐implemented approaches seen in deterministic situations, indicating the financial resilience of each stakeholder. Managers should adopt green and pricing strategies that leverage blockchain and cybersecurity technologies to enhance transparency, reduce costs, and build customer trust, regardless of whether demand is deterministic or stochastic. By integrating these technologies, firms can optimize supply chain efficiency, mitigate risks, and align with sustainability goals while adapting to varying demand scenarios.