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The article presents a monostatic <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar based on a fully integrated monostatic single-channel silicon-germanium (SiGe) transceiver (TRX) chip. The chip is fabricated in Infineon&#x2019;s bipolar-complementary metal&#x2013;oxide&#x2013;semiconductor (BiCMOS) production technology B11HFC which offers heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{\mathrm {T}}/f_{\mathrm {max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 250 GHz/370 GHz. The monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) output signal is coupled by a fully differential substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) based coupling network. The output power at the WR-6.5 antenna flange is more than &#x2212;10 dBm over a bandwidth of 37.5 GHz. For a sweep within a single-loop phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit from 174.5 to 121.5 GHz, a spatial resolution of almost 3 mm with a metallic plate as the target is achieved. The radar provides a small form factor of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2 \times 4 \times 5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<sup>3</sup> and low power consumption of 2.2 W at 5 V. Finally, the capabilities of the sensor for non-destructive testing (NDT) are demonstrated using a millimeter scanner. With radar imaging, it was possible to measure the orientation of the fiber layers up to a depth of 7.03 mm.

A SiGe-Chip-Based D-Band FMCW-Radar Sensor With 53-GHz Tuning Range for High Resolution Measurements in Industrial Applications