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The berth allocation problem (BAP) is an NP-hard problem in maritime traffic scheduling that significantly influences the operational efficiency of the container terminal. This paper formulates the BAP as a permutation-based combinatorial optimization problem and proposes an improved ant colony system (ACS) algorithm to solve it. The proposed ACS has three main contributions. First, an adaptive heuristic information (AHI) mechanism is proposed to help ACS handle the discrete and real-time difficulties of BAP. Second, to relieve the computational burden, a divide-and-conquer strategy based on variable-range receding horizon control (vRHC) is designed to divide the complete BAP into a set of sub-BAPs. Third, a partial solution memory (PSM) mechanism is proposed to accelerate the ACS convergence process in each receding horizon (i.e., each sub-BAP). The proposed algorithm is termed as adaptive ACS (AACS) with vRHC strategy and PSM mechanism. The performance of the AACS is comprehensively tested on a set of test cases with different scales. Experimental results show that the effectiveness and robustness of AACS are generally better than the compared state-of-the-art algorithms, including the well-performing adaptive evolutionary algorithm and ant colony optimization algorithm. Moreover, comprehensive investigations are conducted to evaluate the influences of the AHI mechanism, the vRHC strategy, and the PSM mechanism on the performance of the AACS algorithm.

An Adaptive Ant Colony System Based on Variable Range Receding Horizon Control for Berth Allocation Problem