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Recent development of elastic least-squares reverse time migration (ELSRTM) focuses on producing high-resolution images of elastic model perturbations such as elastic impedance images. There is a clear gap between such development and conventional elastic reverse time migration (ERTM) that generates images of PP and PS reflectors. We develop a novel ELSRTM method for iteratively enhancing PP and PS images. To achieve this purpose, we introduce a vector reflection demigration operator by combining reflection demigration theory with decoupled velocity-stress equations. This VELSRTM method is practical without introducing any phase distortions of sources, adjoint, or demigration wavefields and performs well with kinematically accurate migration velocity models. We demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of our VELSRTM method using layer, Marmousi2, SEAM models, and a field data example. Numerical results show that our VELSRTM method with only a few iterations successfully improves both PP and PS images with higher spatial resolution and more balanced imaging amplitudes than ERTM images.

Elastic least-squares reverse time migration using decoupled P- and S-wave equations for PP and PS reflectivity imaging