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This paper presents a low-noise bioimpedance (bio-Z) spectroscopy interface for electrical impedance myography (EIM) over the 1 kHz to 2 MHz frequency range. The proposed interface employs a sinusoidal signal generator based on direct-digital-synthesis (DDS) to improve the accuracy of the bio-Z reading, and a quadrature low-intermediate frequency (IF) readout to achieve a good noise-to-power efficiency and the required data throughput to detect muscle contractions. The readout is able to measure baseline and time-varying bio-Z by employing robust and power-efficient low-gain IAs and sixth-order single-bit bandpass (BP)   $\mathbf{\Delta\Sigma}$   ADCs. The proposed bio-Z spectroscopy interface is implemented in a 180 nm CMOS process, consumes 344.3   $-$   479.3   $\mathbf{\mu}$  W, and occupies 5.4 mm 2  area. Measurement results show 0.7 m  $\mathbf{\Omega}$  /  $\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$   sensitivity at 15.625 kHz, 105.8 dB SNR within 4 Hz bandwidth, and a 146.5 dB figure-of-merit. Additionally, recording of EIM in time and frequency domain during contractions of the bicep brachii muscle demonstrates the potential of the proposed bio-Z interface for wearable EIM systems.

A Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Interface for EIM Based on IF-Sampling and Pseudo 2-Path SC Bandpass $\Delta\Sigma$ ADC