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We present the design, fabrication, and in vivo testing of an ultra-thin (100   $\,\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{m}$  ) wireless and battery-free implant for stimulation of the brain&#x0027;s cortex. The implant is fabricated on a flexible and transparent parylene/PDMS substrate, and it is miniaturized to dimensions of 15.6 &#x00D7; 6.6 mm  $^{2}$  . The frequency and pulse width of the monophasic voltage pulses are determined through On-Off keying (OOK) modulation of a wireless transmission at 2.45 GHz. Furthermore, the implant triggered a motor response in vivo when tested in 6 rodents. Limb response was observed by wireless stimulation of the brain&#x0027;s motor cortex through an FDA-approved collagen dura substitute that was placed on the dura in the craniotomy site, with no direct contact between the implant&#x0027;s electrodes and the brain&#x0027;s cortical surface. Therefore, the wireless stimulation method reported herein enables the concept of an e-dura substitute, where wireless electronics can be integrated onto a conventional dura substitute to augment its therapeutic function and administer any desired stimulation protocol without the need for post-surgical intervention for battery replacement or reprogramming stimulation parameters.

Wireless Stimulation of Motor Cortex Through a Collagen Dura Substitute Using an Ultra-Thin Implant Fabricated on Parylene/PDMS