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Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs), which can be implemented using metasurface technology or reflect/ transmit antenna array technology, have garnered significant attention in research studies focused on both their technological aspects and potential applications. While various modeling approaches have been proposed - ranging from electromagnetic simulations and analytical integral formulations to simplified approaches based on scattering matrix theory - there remains a great need for efficient and electromagnetically-consistent macroscopic models that can accurately simulate scattering from RISs, particularly for realistic simulations of RIS-based wireless networks. Building on previous work based on the characterization of the RIS through a surface impedance (or &#x201D;spatial modulation&#x201D;) function and a few parameters, in the present paper we propose a fully ray-based approach for the computation of the re-radiated field that can be easily embedded in efficient, forward ray tracing (also known as &#x201D;ray launching&#x201D;) models. We validate the proposed model by comparison to well established methods available in the literature. Results show that, although the considered method is based on a completely different formulation and is much more efficient than integral formulation methods, results are almost indistinguishable in some benchmark cases.

An Efficient Ray-Based Modeling Approach for Scattering from Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces