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This paper presents a method for suppressing grating lobes that occur in sparse antenna arrays. The method is based on parasitic antenna elements that are terminated to reactive loads. The loads are computed using a computationally efficient algorithm that is based on principal component analysis and strives to maximize realized gain towards grating-lobe-free scan directions. The developed method is demonstrated at 5GHz by both electromagnetic simulations and prototype measurements using a 3-by-3 element antenna array with one-wavelength inter-element distances. The example shows that the grating-lobe level is suppressed by 8.4 dB, and the main beam gain is increased by 3.9 dB compared to an array without parasitic scatterers.

Grating-lobe Mitigation Using Parasitic Scatterers and Principal Component Analysis