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This work presents a small-area 2nd-order continuous-time &#x0394;&#x03A3; Modulator (CT&#x0394;&#x03A3;M) with a single low dropout regulator (LDO) serving as both the power supply for the CT&#x0394;&#x03A3;M and reference voltage buffer. The CT&#x0394;&#x03A3;M is used for digitising very low amplitude signals in applications such as magnetic tracking for image-guided and robotic surgery. A cascade of integrators in a feed-forward architecture implemented with an adder-less architecture has been proposed to minimise the silicon area. In addition, a novel continuous-time pulse-shaped digital-to-analog converter (CT-PS DAC) is proposed for excess loop delay (ELD) compensation to simplify the current drive requirements of the reference voltage buffer. This enables a single low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator to generate both power supply and Vref for the DAC. The circuit has been designed in 65-nm CMOS technology, achieving a peak 82-dB SNDR and 91-dB DR within a signal bandwidth of 20 kHz and the CT&#x0394;&#x03A3;M consumes 300 &#x03BC;W of power when clocked at 10.24 MHz. The CT&#x0394;&#x03A3;M achieves a state-of-the-art area of 0.07 mm.

A Small-Area 2nd-Order Adder-Less Continuous-Time ΔΣ Modulator With Pulse Shaping FIR DAC for Magnetic Sensing