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High Earth orbit Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems offer high temporal sampling and moderate spatial resolution on a global scale, potentially outperforming conventional Low Earth Orbit (LEO) systems in revisit times. However, this requires complex system architectures such as burst operation modes with multiple subswaths, large antennas, and digital beamforming. Similar temporal sampling and coverage enhancements can be realized with constellations of classical monostatic SAR instruments in LEO. This letter compares the complexity of such equivalent monostatic LEO-SAR constellations to complex high-altitude SAR systems and provides design numbers for two Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)-SAR mission examples and their LEO counterparts.

On the Equivalence of LEO-SAR Constellations and Complex High-Orbit SAR Systems for the Monitoring of Large-Scale Processes