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Excess loss due to building shadowing is regarded as an obstacle effect by buildings existing on the radio propagation path in relation to the service coverage performance of the next-generation mobile communication. In order to overcome the limitations of a geometric or deterministic modeling of existing obstacle loss models (ITU-R, W-I, and W-B model) and increase the accuracy of prediction of excess loss below 10 GHz in real urban environments, the improved empirical model is proposed by adding new variable and optimized fitting parameter values to the existing ITU-R model&#x0027;s formula. New variable and optimized parameter values reflect complex building structure and building height and their propagation impact through measurement. For validation of the proposed model, the self-verification and cross-verification were performed using the measured data from Korea and Japan. The measured data as well as the proposed model were presented as root-mean-square error that can be compared with other existing models in accuracy. The new proposed empirical model showed good agreement with the measured data compared to the existing geometric and deterministic models. In conclusion, the proposed model can be applied to the slant path link below 10 GHz frequency.

Excess Loss by Urban Building Shadowing and Empirical Slant Path Model