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The utilization of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) enables the preservation of more comprehensive target scattering characteristics compared to conventional SAR. Despite the significant advancements in deep learning (DL) technology for single polarimetric SAR ship detection, there remains a scarcity of DL research specifically focused on PolSAR ship detection. This paper proposed a Lightweight Theory-Driven Network (LT-Net) for combining domain knowledge and DL techniques, which is suitable to detect small targets and reduce the computational complexity. The LT-Net incorporates convolutional block attention module (CBAM), and employs differential downsampling during the process of high-dimensional feature extraction. The integration of domain knowledge lends each convolution step a distinct physical significance. Due to the limited availability of public datasets, this paper presents a public Fully-Polarized Ship Detection Dataset (FPSD) for the first time, which contains 853 Pauli pseudo-color maps (in JPG format) and multi-look complex data (in TIF format), with a total of 1714 ship targets from AIRSAR, UAVSAR, and RadarSAT-2. The FPSD encompasses a range of scenarios, with the majority of ship targets being small targets. Validation on FPSD shows that LT-Net exhibits significantly lower time complexity and space complexity compared to four popular target detection networks, Meanwhile, LT-Net achieves the best detection performance in the Pauli pseudo-color maps.

A Lightweight Theory-Driven Network and Its Validation on Public Fully-Polarized Ship Detection Dataset