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A universal fault-tolerant quantum computer will require large-scale control systems that can realize all the waveforms required to implement a gateset that is universal for quantum computing. Optimization of such a system, which must be precise and extensible, is an open research challenge. Here, we present a cryogenic quantum control integrated circuit (IC) that is able to control all the necessary degrees of freedom of a two-qubit subcircuit of a superconducting quantum processor. Specifically, the IC contains a pair of 4&#x2013;8-GHz RF pulse generators for    $XY$    control, three baseband current generators for qubit and coupler frequency control, and a digital controller that includes a sequencer for gate sequence playback. After motivating the architecture, we describe the circuit-level implementation details and present experimental results. Using standard benchmarking techniques, we show that the cryogenic CMOS (cryo-CMOS) IC is able to execute the components of a gateset that is universal for quantum computing while achieving single-qubit    $XY$    and    $Z$    average gate error rates of 0.17&#x0025;&#x2013;0.36&#x0025; and 0.14&#x0025;&#x2013;0.17&#x0025;, respectively, as well as two-qubit average cross-entropy benchmarking (XEB) cycle error rates of 1.2&#x0025;. These error rates, which were achieved while dissipating just 4 mW/qubit, are comparable to the measured error rates obtained using baseline room-temperature electronics.

ieee journal of solid-state circuits

Design and Characterization of a &#x003C;4-mW/Qubit 28-nm Cryo-CMOS Integrated Circuit for Full Control of a Superconducting Quantum Processor Unit Cell