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We investigate a coupled multiscale 3D finite element model consisting of an orthogonal array of thin-film cantilever magnetoelectric magnetic field sensors and a simplified human head model. Electric point dipole sources are placed inside the head to generate an electromagnetic field. This field propagates through the tissue layers and outside of the head, where it reaches the sensor array. The investigated sensors are based on a 300 &#x03BC;m thick silicon substrate layer of 26.25 mm length and 2.45 mm width, with a 20 &#x03BC;m thick AlN layer and a 20 &#x03BC;m thick FeCoSiB layer as piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials, respectively, located on opposite sides of the substrate. We position three sensors orthogonally to obtain a vector field sensor. The head model is based on the three-shell approach and consists of concentric spheres representing white matter, skull, and skin. All three layers are assigned specific conductivity and relative permittivity values from literature, aiming to approximate the propagation of electromagnetic fields through the different tissue types. We observe propagation of an electric field generated by the dipole source and subsequent induction of a magnetic field inside the head structure, propagating outwards to the sensor array, where the generated voltage in the piezoelectric layer is evaluated for different magnetoelectric sensor array and source positions and orientations. We show different behaviors of the sensors for a dipole source inside the head tissue versus a simple air environment, highlighting benefits in accuracy and specificity of a combined head and sensor model with realistic material parameters.

A combined magnetoelectric sensor and human head model for biomagnetic FEM simulations