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In this paper, an improved adaptive coding and modulation scheme with hybrid switching standard is proposed for UAV-to-Ground free space optical (FSO) communication to mitigate the degradation of turbulence intensity variation. In order to improve bits efficiency in different turbulence, a channel estimator based on Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and a hybrid switching standard based on frame error rate (FER) of LDPC decoding are applied. Simulation results show that the GRU estimator achieves approximately 34.9&#x0025; improvement in training time compared to the LSTM estimator, without degradation in system performance. Moreover, the hybrid switching standard significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) switching threshold deviation of the ACM scheme from 1.8 dB and 4 dB, which were observed in moderate turbulence conditions, to an average of 0.35 dB. This improvement allows for the effective implementation of the ACM scheme in different turbulence intensities at a relatively small cost, thereby enhancing the communication quality of FSO systems in atmospheric channels characterized by turbulent variations.

An Improved Adaptive Coding and Modulation Scheme With Hybrid Switching Standard for UAV-to-Ground Free Space Optical Communication