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Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) can remove all detector side-channel attacks. However, there are still some assumptions on source preparations in MDI-QKD protocols, which are too strict to achieve in real-life implementations. To remove those assumptions, here we construct a scheme on characterizing the source modulation errors with Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferences. Furthermore, we combine it with the decoy-state method and present the security analysis. Besides, finite data-size effects are taken into account as well. Simulation results verify the feasibility and practicability of this scheme. It thus seems a very promising candidate for constructing high-security network in the near future.

Side-Channel Free Measurement-Device- Independent Quantum Key Distribution Based on Source Monitoring