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Wireless sensor networks have gradually attracted widespread attention from academia and industry due to their wide application potential and versatility. In response to the coverage and routing issues of wireless sensor networks, this study combines the improved cuckoo algorithm and non-uniform clustering algorithm to design a coverage and routing optimization scheme for wireless sensor networks. Firstly, a wireless sensor network system is studied and built. Subsequently, the traditional cuckoo algorithm is optimized using the Cauchy distribution, and a coverage optimization scheme for wireless sensor networks based on the Cauchy distribution improved cuckoo algorithm is designed. Finally, by optimizing the dynamic range of network area and cluster radius respectively to improve the shortcomings of non-uniform clustering routing algorithms, a wireless sensor networks routing optimization scheme based on dynamic cluster radius optimization non-uniform clustering algorithm is designed. The research results indicated that the designed coverage scheme and routing scheme achieved good application results. Among them, the designed coverage scheme had a minimum running time of 0.89 minutes in node coverage problems and a maximum node coverage rate of 99.52%. The designed routing scheme had a minimum running time of 1.47 minutes and an energy loss rate of 0.84% in the routing optimization problem. In summary, the coverage scheme and routing optimization scheme designed by this research institute have good application effects and can provide certain technical support for the application of wireless sensor networks in other fields.

Coverage and Routing Optimization of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Improved Cuckoo Algorithm