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Dorsal hand vein (DHV) recognition is a burgeoning biometric technology that has recently garnered considerable attention. This article uses image processing and deep learning to present a novel DHV recognition approach. It involves detecting and identifying the unique patterns present in the DHV. The proposed system begins with the preprocessing mechanism that is applied to enhance the quality of the acquired images, including contrast enhancement and noise reduction, by using some filters such as Median and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE). Next, a deep learning model, such as a convolutional neural network (CNN), is employed to automatically abstract discriminative features from the preprocessed vein images. The empirical outcomes prove the influence and reliability of the proposed technique for vein recognition, making it a promising solution for biometric authentication systems. Compared with traditional CNN, the proposed approach shows good accuracy and classification rate results. The suggested model achieved a high recognition rate accuracy, recall, precious, and f-score of 99.7%,97%,96%, and 96%, respectively, and a recognition time of about 1283.45 s. To enrich the model&#x2019;s capability for feature recognition and reduce recognition time, decrease the intricacy of learning and the connectivity CNN structure, an alternative approach based on Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) was assessed. This strategy exhibits superior accuracy in comparison to other contemporary algorithms. The proposed RBM achieved a high recognition rate accuracy, recall, precious, and f-score of 99.9%,99%,99%, and 99%, respectively, and a recognition time of about 137.235s.

Improved Unsupervised Deep Boltzmann Learning Approach for Accurate Hand Vein Recognition