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In this research, we introduce a metamaterial biosensor designed for the detection of various viruses. The proposed sensor configuration comprises four square split ring resonators (SRR) coupled with a central graphene ring. The strong coupling between SRR and graphene ring results in near-perfect absorption at a frequency of 1.354 THz. To enhance versatility, the sensor&#x2019;s performance can be tuned and controlled by adjusting the chemical potential (&#x03BC; c ) of the graphene. Additionally, we validate the sensor&#x2019;s functionality through an equivalent circuit model. Moreover, the proposed sensor demonstrates outstanding performance metrics, including a high sensitivity (S) of 1.7 THz/RIU, a Figure of Merit (FOM) of 165.09 RIU -1 , high-quality factor (Q) of 112.5. Despite its reduced structural thickness of 3 &#x03BC;m, it remains suitable for integration into nanotechnology devices. Furthermore, the absorber exhibits exceptional absorption properties even at steep incidence angles, expanding its applicability in diverse scenarios. Its potential to detect a wide range of viruses, including malaria, dengue, herpes simplex virus, influenza, and HIV, and distinguish various cancerous cells, holds promise for advancing biosensing applications.

A Compact Metamaterial Biosensor for Multi-Virus Detection with Tunability and High Incidence Angle Absorption