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Information is conveyed by either time, antenna, and/or frequency in the conventional modulation. In this paper, we propose a novel technique to convey information in Alamouti space-time block coding systems. In the proposed technique, the information is conveyed by one channel&#x2019;s phase component with order  N . The proposed technique is referred to as 2 &#x00D7;  N r    N -ary Alamouti-STBC ( N -STBC), where  N r   is the number of receive antennas. The  N -STBC with Golden codewords (GCs) is further proposed to improve error performance at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Moreover, the proposed  N -STBC with and without GCs still preserves the orthogonal transmission matrix of the Alamouti-STBC which retains the simple linear maximum-likelihood (L-ML) detection for quasi-static frequency-flat Rayleigh fading channels. The transmitted symbols can be directly estimated by use of the L-ML detection in the  N -STBC with and without GCs. However, only the GCs are estimated by use of the L-ML detection in  N -STBC with GCs. The signal detection subset based ML detection is further employed to detect the transmitted  M -ary quadrature amplitue modulation (MQAM) symbols in  N -STBC with GCs. The lower error probability bounds of the  N -STBC with and without GCs are derived and validated by simulation results. As an example, the proposed 2 &#x00D7; 4 16QAM 16-STBC with GCs almost maintain the error performance of the conventional Alamouti-STBC with GCs at SNRs.

N -ary Alamouti Space-Time Block Coding With and Without Golden Codewords