English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Camera based visible light positioning (VLP) can be promising for indoor positioning applications powered by the widespread use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) in lighting applications. Though camera based indoor positioning using the rolling shutter effect, offers high accuracy, its reliability at long distances and robustness against the line of sight (LOS) blockage are still questionable. In this paper, a low resolution, high frame rate camera is used for an indoor positioning system with centimeter-scale accuracy. Direct detection has been utilized instead of the rolling shutter effect making the system more reliable. The real-time height of the ceiling and the orientation of the receiver are also considered to make the three dimensional (3D) positioning possible in practical use case scenarios. A low cost light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensor has been used to measure the height of the ceiling in real time to estimate the location in 3D space using a single LED transmitter. A gravity virtual sensor has been used to compensate for the error caused by the tilt of the smartphone. The average 3D positioning error in the proposed VLP system is 6.8 cm. The positioning latency of the proposed system is 54 ms. To the best of the Authors&#x2019; knowledge, this is the first reported truly 3D VLP system that works without any prior knowledge of the ceiling height and irrespective of LED shape, size, and arrangement using a single LED. The proposed system is robust against any partial light blockage by the user&#x2019;s body and it can also provide coarse location information without any direct LOS between the LED and the camera using reflected lights from the surroundings.

A Truly 3D Visible Light Positioning System using Low Resolution High Speed Camera, LIDAR, and IMU Sensors