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Nowadays, Learning Management Systems (LMS) have become increasingly popular, particularly due to the COVID-19 pandemic, offering enhanced effectiveness and efficiency. Online exams have emerged as a critical feature within LMS, serving as a means to evaluate students&#x2019; performance and assess their understanding of the course material. These exams play a crucial role in determining students&#x2019; eligibility for progression to the next grade or level of study. It is imperative that online exam results meet the standards of reliability and transparency. Any lack of reliability, such as the vulnerability to hacking, can have detrimental effects on students&#x2019; overall grades. Traditional online exam systems typically store data in centralized locations like MySQL databases, leaving them susceptible to unauthorized access by malicious individuals who may alter students&#x2019; exam results. This paper aims to propose a blockchain-based framework that facilitates the secure and peer-to-peer conduct and evaluation of academic exams. The framework employs hashing techniques to ensure the integrity of the data and utilizes proof of stake mechanisms to enhance security. Blockchain technology has proven to be effective in safeguarding data integrity by virtue of its decentralized data storage approach and the use of cryptographic hashing for every block within the chain. This paper demonstrates how online exams can be developed using blockchain technology, with each question asked and answered being directly stored on the blockchain. To achieve this, we have developed a module that integrates with the Moodle learning management system. Through a comparative analysis of the default centralized storage approach in Moodle, our module modifies the exam results&#x2019; storage method, ensuring secure and tamper-proof data storage on the blockchain network. By leveraging the blockchain network, the data associated with exam results is reliably secured, ensuring its integrity, and making it immune to manipulation. Our results indicate that the data stored through the blockchain achieved complete accuracy, with no discrepancies observed when compared to the standard approach employed by the Moodle LMS for storing results. The blockchain network provides a reliable and immutable platform that prevents unauthorized alterations or manipulations of student data. In conclusion, our blockchain-based framework offers a robust solution for enhancing the security and reliability of online exam results. By leveraging the decentralized and tamper-proof nature of blockchain technology, we can ensure the integrity and transparency of student data, ultimately providing a more trustworthy and accurate assessment of their academic performance.

A Proposed Model for Improving the Reliability of Online Exam Results Using Blockchain