English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The growing interest in backscatter communications as a low-powered solution in various fields necessitates pushing the envelope of current backscatter systems in multiple frontiers, among which is spectral efficiency. The increase in spectral efficiency can drive real-time applications such as augmented reality. In most of backscatter-system applications such as radio-frequency identification, backscatter modulation is implemented using binary schemes realized with square pulses, which are not spectral efficient. To address the spectral efficiency concern, this article reviews&#x2014;with a scope limited to prototyped systems&#x2014;some of the existing works in the literature that pertain to increasing the spectral efficiency of backscatter systems. The prototyped systems can be grouped&#x2014;based on the implementation technique used&#x2014;into three groups: High-order modulation, single-sideband modulation, and pulse shaping. Based on the current trends and studied literature, the article concludes with discussions on some future directions and open-ended research problems such as optimal pulse shaping, the use of artificial intelligence, multi-carrier modulation, and agile modulation; which are all aim for overcoming the spectral-efficiency limit of contemporary backscatter systems.

Spectrally Efficient Backscatter Systems: A Hardware-Oriented Survey