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A hybrid reflectarray antenna (RA) composed of passive and active unit cells that can steer a beam into two selected directions with high aperture efficiencies is designed and experimentally verified. The hybrid RA is implemented by a combination of one-bit active and passive unit cells, which enables the quantization of phase profiles of the reflection coefficients on the antenna surface to 120&#x00B0;. This combination can improve the quantization efficiency of the conventional one-bit reconfigurable RA quantized with 180&#x00B0;. A combination of the passive unit cells of which the phases of reflection coefficients are 180&#x00B0; is determined to be included simultaneously in two quantized phase profiles for two-direction beam steering. As a proof of concept, the hybrid RA is designed to steer the beam to the vertical angles &#x03B8; of -18&#x00B0; and 18&#x00B0; on the E-plane. By comparing them with those of the one-bit RA, we confirmed that the aperture efficiencies are improved by 41.85% and 69.41% in simulations and by 37.19% and 60.19% in measurements for the vertical angles &#x03B8; of -18&#x00B0; and 18&#x00B0;, respectively.

Hybrid Reflectarray Antenna of Passive and Active Unit Cells for Highly Directive Two-Direction Beam Steering