Analysing Dynamic Effect of Clean-Hydrogen Electrolyser on Low-Inertia VSM-Dominated Grid

Increasing penetration level of renewable energy sources (RESs) and converter-based loads such as clean-hydrogen electrolysers (CHC) have reduced the inertia of the power systems that endangers the frequency stability of the grid. To address this issue, new controlling strategies known as grid-forming (GFM) are introduced to compensate for the shortcomings of traditional grid-following (GFL) strategies. Virtual synchronous machines (VSM) are one of the GFMs that aims to model the operation of the converter-connected resources similar to conventional units. This model could introduce solutions for ensuring the stability of the grid. In this paper, several analyses are conducted on a low inertia grid where a VSM is being implemented alongside a CHC. These analyses investigate the effect of virtual inertia and controlling parameters for frequency containment reserve (FCR) services provided by both VSM and CHC. The results show that a higher value for virtual inertia can significantly improve the stability of the grid, and FCR provided by both VSM and CHC contributes to stabilizing the frequency with less deviation.