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Fast-pairwise collective neutrino oscillation represents a key uncertainty inthe theory of core-collapse supernova (CCSN). Despite the potentiallysignificant impact on CCSN dynamics, it is usually neglected in numericalmodels of CCSN because of the formidable technical difficulties ofself-consistently incorporating this physics. In this paper, we investigate theprospects for the occurrence of fast flavor conversion by diagnosing electronneutrino lepton number (ELN) crossing in more than a dozen state-of-the-artthree-dimensional CCSN models. ELN crossings is a necessary condition fortriggering flavor conversion. Although only zeroth and first angular momentsare available from the simulations, our new method enables us to look into theangular distributions of neutrinos in momentum space and provide accurateinsight into ELN crossings. Our analysis suggests that fast flavor conversiongenerally occurs in the post-shock region of CCSNe, and that explosive modelsprovide more favorable conditions for the flavor conversion than failed CCSNe.We also find that there are both common and progenitor-dependentcharacteristics. Classifying ELN crossings into two types, we analyze thegeneration mechanism of each case by scrutinizing the neutrino radiation fieldand matter interactions. We find key ingredients of CCSN dynamics driving theELN crossings: proto-neutron star (PNS) convection, asymmetric neutrinoemission, neutrino absorptions and scatterings. This study suggests that weneed to accommodate fast flavor conversions in realistic CCSN models.

Where, when and why: occurrence of fast-pairwise collective neutrino oscillation in three-dimensional core-collapse supernova models