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We demonstrate a new approach for directly measuring the ultrafast energytransfer between elec- trons and magnons, enabling us to track spin dynamics inan antiferromagnet (AFM). In multiferroic HoMnO3, optical photoexcitationcreates hot electrons, after which changes in the spin order are probed with aTHz pulse tuned to a magnon resonance. This reveals a photoinducedtransparency, which builds up over several picoseconds as the spins heat up dueto energy transfer from hot elec- trons via phonons. This spin-latticethermalization time is ?10 times faster than that of typical ferromagnetic (FM)manganites. We qualitatively explain the fundamental differences inspin-lattice thermalization between FM and AFM systems and apply a Boltzmannequation model for treating AFMs. Our work gives new insight into spin-latticethermalization in AFMs and demonstrates a new approach for directly monitoringthe ultrafast dynamics of spin order in these systems.

Probing ultrafast spin dynamics in the antiferromagnetic multiferroic HoMnO$_3$ through a magnon resonance