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We investigate near-Fermi-energy (EF) element-specific electronic and spinstates of ferromagnetic van der Waals (vdW) metal Fe5GeTe2. The soft x-rayangle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (SX-ARPES) measurement providesspectroscopic evidence of localized Fe 3d band. We also find prominenthybridization between the localized Fe 3d band and the delocalized Ge/Te pbands. This picture is strongly supported from direct observation of theremarkable spin polarization of the ligand p bands near EF, using x-raymagnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements. The strength of XMCD signalfrom ligand element Te shows the highest value, as far as we recognize, amongliterature reporting finite XMCD signal for none-magnetic element in anysystems. Combining SX-ARPES and elemental selective XMCD measurements, wecollectively point an important role of giant spin polarization of thedelocalized ligand Te states for realizing itinerant long-range ferromagnetismin Fe5GeTe2. Our finding provides a fundamental elemental selective view-pointfor understanding mechanism of itinerant ferromagnetism in low dimensionalcompounds, which also leads insight for designing exotic magnetic states byinterfacial band engineering in heterostructures.

Itinerant ferromagnetism mediated by giant spin polarization of metallic ligand band in van der Waals magnet Fe5GeTe2