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A novel Gram-negative, spore forming, obligately anaerobic, thermophilic, chitin-degrading bacterium, designated UUS1-1 T , was isolated from compost on Ishigaki Island, Japan by enrichment culturing using chitin powder as the carbon source. The strain has unique, long, hair-like rod morphological features and exhibits strong degradation activity toward crystalline chitin under thermophilic conditions. Growth of the novel strain was observed at 45–65 °C (optimum, 55 °C) and pH 6.5–7.5 (optimum, pH 7.0). In addition to chitin, the strain utilized several other carbon sources, including  N -acetylglucosamine, glucose, galactose, mannose, maltose, cellobiose, fructose and sucrose. The end products of chitin degradation were acetate, lactate, H 2  and CO 2 . Phylogenetic tree analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a clear affiliation of the proposed bacterium to the phylum  Firmicutes ; the most closely related species were  Hydrogenispora ethanolica LX-B T  and  Desulfotomaculum thermobenzoicum DSM6193 T  with similarities of 90.4 and 87.8 %, respectively. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 52.1 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between the genomes of UUS1-1 T  and  H. ethanolica LX-B T  were 65.5 and 21.0 %, respectively. The cellular fatty acid composition of the strain was C 16 : 0 , anteiso-C 15 : 0 , C 14 : 0 , C 12 : 0  3-OH and dimethyl acetal-C 13 : 0 . Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analysis, strain UUS1-1 T  represents a novel genus and species, for which the name  Capillibacterium thermochitinicola  gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is UUS1-1 T  (=JCM 33882 T =DSM 111537 T ).

Capillibacterium thermochitinicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel anaerobic thermophilic chitinolytic bacterium from compost