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Evaluation of the phenolic compounds and fatty acid profiles of English walnut (J. regia) extract
Author(s) -
Kim YooSun,
Lee JaeHwan,
Choi SangWoon,
Kim Yuri
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.924.10
Subject(s) - ellagic acid , chemistry , gallic acid , chromatography , chlorogenic acid , polyphenol , linoleic acid , polyunsaturated fatty acid , oleic acid , tocopherol , linolenic acid , fatty acid , catechin , food science , high performance liquid chromatography , juglans , organic chemistry , antioxidant , biochemistry , vitamin e
The purpose of the present study was to determine various ingredients of English walnut (J. regia), including phenolic acids, flavonoids, essential fatty acids, and tocopherols which are expected to provide health benefits. A high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was used to evaluate the contents of phenolic acids and tocopherols in walnut extracts. HPLC separation was performed on a symmetry C18 column for phenolic components and u‐Porasil column for tocopherols analysis. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were also quantified through gas chromatography (GC) using a SP‐2560 column and a flame ionization detector. We found that catechin (137.54 mg/ 100g) was a dominating phenolic acid in walnut extracts followed by chlorogenic acid (13.60 mg/100 g), ellagic acid (12.57 mg/100 g), and gallic acid (10.70 mg/100 g). In lipid extraction, a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and a low concentration of saturated fatty acids were observed. The most predominant component of walnut oil was linoleic acid, comprising 64.6 %, followed by 14.6 % of linolenic acid and 12.6 % of oleic acid, which agreed with previous published data. We also found that γ‐tocopherol was the most abundant tocopherol, followed by minor quantities of α‐tocopherol. In conclusion, our data provide each ingredient of walnut extract and indicate walnut contains high concentration of various polyphenolic and antioxidative compounds which are suggested to be the major bioactive compounds for the health benefits.