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Peach  Prunus persica  is an economically important fruit tree crop worldwide. Although the external color of fruit is an important aspect of fruit quality, the mechanisms underlying its formation remain elusive in peach. Here, we report an elongated hypocotyl 5-homolog gene  PpHYH  involved in the regulation of anthocyanin pigmentation in peach fruit peel. Anthocyanin accumulation in fruit peel is light-dependent in peach.  PpHYH  had no auto-activation activity and its transcription was induced by sunlight.  PpHYH  activated transcription of a cluster of three  PpMYB10  genes in the present of a cofactor  PpBBX4  encoding a B-BOX protein, leading to anthocyanin accumulation in the sun-exposed peel. However, the  PpHYH  activity was repressed by a negative regulator of  PpCOP1  encoding constitutive photomorphogenesis protein 1 which accumulated in the nucleus under dark condition, resulting in failure of anthocyanin accumulation in the shaded peel. PpCOP1 was re-localized into the cytosol under light condition, in accordance with fruit peel pigmentation. Additionally, transport of anthocyanins from the cytoplasm to the vacuole was a rate-limiting step for anthocyanin accumulation in peach fruit peel. Our results reveal for the first time the  HYH  gene involved in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in fruits, and provide target genes for genetic manipulation of fruit coloration.

PpHYH is responsible for light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in fruit peel of Prunus persica