Open AccessBiomarkers of Exposure for Dual Use of Electronic Cigarettes and Combustible Cigarettes: Nicotelline, NNAL, and Total Nicotine Equivalents
Author(s) -
Peyton Jacob,
Gideon St.Helen,
Lisa Yu,
Natalie Nardone,
Christopher Havel,
Priscilla Cheung,
Neal L. Benowitz
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
nicotine and tobacco research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.338
H-Index - 113
eISSN - 1469-994X
pISSN - 1462-2203
DOI - 10.1093/ntr/ntz235
Subject(s) - nicotine , environmental health , electronic cigarette , smoke , medicine , toxicology , tobacco smoke , chemistry , psychiatry , pathology , biology , organic chemistry
Dual use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and combustible cigarettes is a major public health issue. It is generally accepted that exclusive e-cigarette use is less harmful than exclusive combustible cigarette use, but most e-cigarette users continue to smoke combustible cigarettes as well. To what extent the use of e-cigarettes reduces harm in people who continue to smoke combustible cigarettes has been debated. The aim of this study was to explore the utility of biomarkers as measures of dual use.