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Correlated states emerge in low-dimensional systems owing to enhanced Coulombinteractions. Elucidating these states requires atomic scale characterizationand delicate control capabilities. In this study, spectroscopicimaging-scanning tunneling microscopy was employed to investigate thecorrelated states residing in the one-dimensional electrons of the monolayerand bilayer MoSe2 mirror twin boundary (MTB). The Coulomb energies, determinedby the wire length, drive the MTB into two types of ground states with distinctrespective out-of-phase and in-phase charge orders. The two ground states canbe reversibly converted through a metastable zero-energy state with in situvoltage pulses, which tunes the electron filling of the MTB via a polaronicprocess, as substantiated by first-principles calculations. Our modifiedHubbard model reveals the ground states as correlated insulators from anon-site U-originated Coulomb interaction, dubbed Hubbard-type Coulomb blockadeeffect. Our work sets a foundation for understanding correlated physics incomplex systems and for tailoring quantum states for nano-electronicsapplications.

Manipulating Hubbard-type Coulomb blockade effect of metallic wires embedded in an insulator