Open AccessAltered Brain Structure in Infants with Turner Syndrome
Author(s) -
Marsha L. Davenport,
Emil Cornea,
Kai Xia,
James J. Crowley,
Matthew Halvorsen,
Barbara Davis Goldman,
Debra B. Reinhartsen,
Margaret DeRamus,
Rebecca Edmondson Pretzel,
Martin Styner,
John H. Gilmore,
Stephen R. Hooper,
Rebecca Knickmeyer
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
cerebral cortex
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.694
H-Index - 250
eISSN - 1460-2199
pISSN - 1047-3211
DOI - 10.1093/cercor/bhz109
Subject(s) - turner syndrome , neuroimaging , psychology , brain morphometry , white matter , neuroscience , medicine , pediatrics , magnetic resonance imaging , radiology
Turner syndrome (TS) is a genetic disorder affecting approximately 1:2000 live-born females. It results from partial or complete X monosomy and is associated with a range of clinical issues including a unique cognitive profile and increased risk for certain behavioral problems. Structural neuroimaging studies in adolescents, adults, and older children with TS have revealed altered neuroanatomy but are unable to identify when in development differences arise. In addition, older children and adults have often been exposed to years of growth hormone and/or exogenous estrogen therapy with potential implications for neurodevelopment. The study presented here is the first to test whether brain structure is altered in infants with TS. Twenty-six infants with TS received high-resolution structural MRI scans of the brain at 1 year of age and were compared to 47 typically developing female and 39 typically developing male infants. Results indicate that the typical neuroanatomical profile seen in older individuals with TS, characterized by decreased gray matter volumes in premotor, somatosensory, and parietal-occipital cortex, is already present at 1 year of age, suggesting a stable phenotype with origins in the prenatal or early postnatal period.