English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Plus

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Zendy Tools

Zendy Open

This study aims to evaluate the long-term dose-dependent effects of sodium nitrate on serum ALT, AST, and ALP in healthy female and male rats. A total of 120 rats (60 females and 60 males) were divided into 6 subgroups (n = 10). In each sex, a control group received regular tap water, while five treatment groups received sodium nitrate in tap water (50, 100, 150, 250, and 500 mg/L). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites (NOx) were measured at baseline (month 0) and after 6 mo. Hormetic zones for sodium nitrate in female rats were 10–230 mg/L for ALT, 20–180 mg/L for AST, and 8–270 mg/L for ALP. In males, the zones were 5–190 mg/L for ALT, 7–180 mg/L for AST, and 7–265 mg/L for ALP. Serum NOx levels were negatively correlated with ALT (r = −0.498) and AST (r = −0.320) at moderate doses (100–150 mg/dL) but positively correlated with ALT (r = 0.500) and AST (r = 0.300) at higher doses (250–500 mg/dL (all P &lt; 0.05). Sodium nitrate exhibited a J-shaped dose–response relationship with liver function tests (LFTs) in both female and male rats. Protective effects were observed at moderate doses (100 mg/L for ALT and AST; 150 mg/L for ALP), while low doses (&lt;10 mg/L) were ineffective, and high doses (&gt;200 mg/L for ALT/AST; &gt;250 mg/L for ALP) were toxic. These findings highlight the dual potential of sodium nitrate as both beneficial and harmful, depending on the dosage in healthy state.

Hormetic association between sodium nitrate and liver enzymes: a study in female and male rats