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An origin of Earth life on Mars would resolve significant inconsistenciesbetween the inferred history of life and Earth's geologic history. Life as weknow it utilizes amino acids, nucleic acids, and lipids for the metabolic,informational, and compartment-forming subsystems of a cell. Such buildingblocks may have formed simultaneously from cyanosulfidic chemical precursors ina planetary surface scenario involving ultraviolet light, wet-dry cycling, andvolcanism. However, early Earth was a water world, and the timing of the riseof oxygen on Earth is inconsistent with final fixation of the genetic code inresponse to oxidative stress. A cyanosulfidic origin of life could have takenplace on Mars via photoredox chemistry, facilitated by orders of magnitude moresub-aerial crust than early Earth, and an earlier transition to oxidativeconditions. Meteoritic bombardment may have generated transient habitableenvironments and ejected and transferred life to Earth. The Mars 2020Perseverance Rover offers an unprecedented opportunity to confirm or refuteevidence consistent with a cyanosulfidic origin of life on Mars, search forevidence of ancient life, and constrain the evolution of Mars' oxidation stateover time. We should seek to prove or refute a Martian origin for life on Earthalongside other possibilities.

Resolving the History of Life on Earth by Seeking Life As We Know It on Mars