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This paper aims to study the crashworthiness response of single and bi-tubular aluminium conical tubes subjected to oblique loading. The influence of imperfection on crashworthiness criteria is studied by introducing circular cutouts to the single and bi-tubular conical tubes. The explicit finite element (FE) code LS DYNA is employed to develop the FE model of the tubes. Satisfactory agreement between the developed FE model and previous experimental work has been obtained. The validated model is then employed to investigate the influence of imperfection on the tubes based on internal energy at maximum deformation. The finding shows that with the introduction of cutouts, the energy absorption capability and Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) of bi-tubular tubes are improved as high as 3.43 % and 3.44 %, respectively compared to the single tubes. Compared to the tubes without cutouts, there is a reduction of the internal energy and the SEA of the tubes with cutouts. For bi-tubular tubes, the reduction of the energy absorbed is only 6.41 % thus implies that bi-tubular tubes are better than single tubes when subjected to oblique loading. The similar pattern is also found in the SEA. Furthermore, the increase in loading angle, α reduces the internal energy and the SEA.

Dynamic oblique crushing of single and bi-tubular aluminium conical tubes with imperfection