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In this research, a numerical investigation was carried out using FLAC 2D software to develop an understanding of the effects of combined (axially and laterally) loading on a single pile subjected to different earthquake motions. Several parameters were studied, including vertical displacement at pile head and soil surfacelateral displacement with pile depth, and pore water pressure ratio (ru) at the near and far-fields within the soil model; these were then compared with the soil shaking table test, and the numerical model was solved with the Finn Model and Mohr-Coulomb to capture the non-linear effects of saturated sand under earthquake motions in Ali Algharbi and Kobe. The main test results from this numerical analysis showed that the lateral load on the pile headsignificantly reduced pile lateral displacement, yet had substantial effect on both pile and soil vertical displacement even at higher earthquake magnitudes. A comparison of pore pressure ratios at near and far-field between the numerical and experimental work showed a good agreement, with only a slight difference in overall values. The importance of this study and the test results imported from the numerical model lies in the generation of a reliable base for liquefaction analysis in more complex cases.

Numerical simulation of a single pile under the combined effects of axial and lateral loading in liquefiable soil