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The Baikal Rift Zone hosts many hot springs with a wide range of temperature and physical-chemical conditions, which may harbour different niches for the distribution of microbial communities. We investigated microbial community composition and their functional activity in two alkaline hot springs with a temperature range of 34.4 to 73.6°C. Comparative analysis of the composition of the dominant taxa showed significant differences depending on the collection sites. In the community of high-temperature zones with a water temperature of 55-64°C, a high proportion of thermophilic bacteria  Acetothermia  (up to 57.9%),  Deinococcus-Thermus  (up to 50%), and  Aquificae  (up to 10.8%).  Proteobacteria  (29-77%) and  Firmicutes  (15-26%) dominate in the sulphide-free Garga spring (73-75°C). The functional analysis of the microbial community showed that the primary producers are cyanobacteria, anoxygenic phototrophs, and chemolithotrophic bacteria. At the terminal stages of the mineralization of organic matter, sulphate-reducing bacteria are the main destructors in the microbial communities in hot springs. The cyano-bacterial and sulfidogenic microbial communities play an important role in the formation of geochemical barriers and mineral formation.

Taxonomical and functional diversity of microbial communities in two hot springs of the Baikal rift zone