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VOCs have been one of the important limiting factors of O 3  photochemical production in the urban tropical region. This study aims to determine the variation and composition of aromatic VOCs as well as their contribution to the O 3  formation. The hourly data of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) and ozone (O 3 ) were retrieved from January until December 2019 at three continuous air quality monitoring stations (S1, S2 and S3) operated by the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE). Aromatic VOCs is detected by using an online gas chromatography analyser (GC 5000BTX). The annual average ΣBTEX concentrations ranged from 14.53 ± 12.43 μg m -3  to 25.04 ± 24.04 μg m -3  during the observation period, with toluene as the most dominant species with an average concentration of 10.65 ± 12.12 μg m -3 . The O 3  formation potential (OFP) was calculated and the results indicated that toluene is the highest contributor of O3-forming potential, followed by m, p-xylene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene and benzene with the value of 127.8 μg m -3  (40.90 %), 103.0 μg m -3  (32.97 %), 48.66 μg m -3  (15.58 %), 26.17 μg m -3  (8.38 %) and 6.74 μg m -3  (2.15 %), respectively. Since the study of VOCs in Malaysia is quite limited, a more comprehensive study is currently underway to integrate the research on variation of VOCs in ambient air and its impact on the environment and human health.

One-year monitoring of aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban areas of Malaysia