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Rockburst is defined as a major geological disaster of hard rock mass. At present, rockburst analysis mostly focuses on its mechanism, prediction, and preventive measures, and great progress has been made. However, a few comprehensive analyses on the rockburst mechanism still need to be investigated from different energy perspectives. From the energy perspective, this study analyzes the relationship between a rockburst and the destructive properties of T2b marble in the deep buried tunnel of the Jinping Secondary Hydropower Station. Our analysis includes strain energy accumulation and dissipation, shear fracture, energy release, and acoustic emission (AE). The obtained results show that in the energy release and dissipation processes, three dilatancy mechanisms trigger a rockburst, namely the tensile fracture extension control mechanism, closed fracture friction control mechanism, and their mutual transformation compound control mechanisms. Different mechanisms lead to different energy mutation patterns that determine the rockburst extent and scale. We also found that the strain energy of brittle rocks linearly increases with the increase of the confining pressure during the failure of the brittle rocks. The energy storage rate of the front peak at the lower confining pressure was significantly greater than that of the back peak. However, the difference gradually decreases as the confining pressure increases. The total shear fracture energy with the increase of the confining pressure first increases and then decreases. The peak before the shear fracture energy nonlinearly increases gradually, and the two fractures can be similar until the brittle–ductile transition. Lastly, the AE experiment shows that during the addition and unloading of brittle rocks at a great depth, three types of energy active periods and three types of energy decay periods are observed. The precursor to an instantaneous rockburst is the second type of energy fading period, while that to a delayed rockburst is the third type of energy fading period. The second type of energetically active period refers to the birth of a rockburst. The third type refers to the occurrence of a standard rockburst or a recurrence, such as a discontinuous rockburst.

Relationship of rockburst and energy dissipation characteristics of brittle rock at great depth