English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Biological pulping is an environmentally friendly process for making pulp and paper whereby the wood raw material is pre-treated with selective delignifying white-rot fungi. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the decay patterns of white-rot fungi  Polyporus arcularius  and  Pycnoporus sanguineus , as well as its ability to decay  Hevea brasiliensis  (as hardwood) and  Pinus merkusii  (as softwood) by observing the anatomical characteristics. Fungal attack testing on wood was carried out by the Kolle-flask method with a variation of 6, 9, and 12 weeks incubation time. The structure of wood cells was analyzed using wood incision method, followed by a combination of safranin-picro aniline blue and safranin-astra blue, and maceration method. The results showed that  H. brasiliensis  wood has a higher percentage of weight loss than  P. merkusii  wood. Wood attacked by  P. sanguineus  showed a higher weight loss compared to the  P. arcularius . The decay pattern of  P. sanguineus  infected wood was concluded as selective delignification in  P. merkusii  and simultaneous delignification in  H. brasiliensis  while those infected with  P. arcularius  both performed simultaneous delignification. In the early stages of decay, selective delignification is characterized by the formation of intercellular space due to degradation of lignin in the middle lamella, while simultaneous delignification is characterized by cell wall thinning. The anatomical structure of  H. brasiliensis  attacked by the white-rot fungi showed differences with  P.merkusii , whereby the ray cells of  P.merkusii  wood was more degraded than in  H. brasiliensis .

iop conference series. earth and environmental science

Anatomical characterization of wood decay patterns in Hevea brasiliensis and Pinus merkusii caused by white-rot fungi: Polyporus arcularius and Pycnoporus sanguineus