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As the second longest river in China, the Yellow River is noted for its relatively low water discharge as compared with its huge sediment load. The Xiliu Gully and Heilai Gully, two typical watersheds located in the Inner-Mongolia reach of the upper Yellow River and China Loess Plateau area, is a serious soil erosion and water-deficient region, which belongs to the arid and semi-arid inland basin. In the region, water-consumption mainly depends on rainfall, where there contains grassland, cropland and desert and so on. With the development of economy and society of Eerduosi, the problem of water shortage has become a bottle neck of further development. Based on the hydrogeology features in the Loess Plateau Area, the study proposed the concept of rainfall resource potential, which was composed of surface runoff and soil water. A water yield model based on InVEST (the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) was employed to estimate rainfall resource potential of the two typical watersheds. Based on extensive field research and literature analysis, the process of runoff generation, water enriching and transport was concluded. The highly efficient utilization of rainfall resource in different regions was integrated, which were made of silt trap dams, shallow shaft and ponds. The study provided scientific basis for Spatial Distribution of silt trap dams and high efficient utilization mode of rainfall resource resources.

Estimation of Rainfall Resource Potential and the Utilization System in the Typical Watershed of China Loess Plateau