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The frequency of floods increases annually in many countries of the world due to climate change. Flood is typically coupled to flowing water moving faster than normal. Thus, understanding the drag force behaviour due to the flowing water on concrete blocks is essential to predict floods risks since the concrete is the predominant material used in the construction of buildings, bridges, dams, canals and other infrastructure over the world. Nonetheless, previous studies were mostly focused on the resistance of concrete structure due to the load force, and there is a lack of studies about the resistance of concrete structure due to the drag force of flowing water. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the drag force of flowing water, which causes the displacement of concrete blocks. Also, to investigate the effects of concrete mass and flow velocity on the drag force. Three concrete cubes were used with dimensions 0.15 m 0.15 m 0.15 m and weighing between 6.486 kg to 7.847 kg. The concrete cube is installed in the middle of the open channel 10-m long, 0.3 m wide and 0.46 m depth Armfield S6 MKII flume. In this study, the flowing water exerts force on the cube concrete block in the direction of flow, known as the drag force. It was observed the mass of the block is an essential factor that affects the drag force on a concrete cube due to the flowing water. Therefore, each cube of concrete block with area 0.02235 (m2) and mass between 6.486 kg to 7.874 kg to be displaced was needed a drag force of flowing water between 2.737 N to 3.732 N. Also, it has been found that the drag force increases with the increasing the flow velocity.

A Study of the Drag Force of Flowing Water on Concrete Blocks: Predictive Approach of Concrete Blocks Ability to Resist Flood