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Non-point source pollution is becoming an important factor affecting water environment in China. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, the most powerful tool in measuring NPS, has played a significant role in NPS research across China. The suitability and calibration of the SWAT model is of primary importance. This study evaluated the effectiveness and applicability of SWAT model in runoff and nutrient load in Miyun Reservoir watershed. The SWAT model was also calibrated and validated using parameter sensitivity analysis, which showed that ALPHA_BF, SOL_AWC, CN2, NPERCO, PHOSKD and PPERCO were the most sensitive parameters, resulting in large variations in hydrological and nutrient loads. SWAT calibration and verification suggested it is a reliable method of measuring the NPS pollution in Miyun Reservoir watershed. This study estimated and analyzed spatial and temporal variations in NPS pollution loads in Miyun Reservoir watershed from 2005 and 2010. Significant variations in NPS pollution loads were found in different simulation periods. There were noticeable differences and an uneven distribution between high- and low-flow years. Nutrient loss occurred most frequently during high-flow years and wet seasons, the crucial period for pollution prevention. The results show that the total nitrogen loads is much higher than the total phosphorus loads. The pollution loads resulting from various land use types showed significant spatial differences: agricultural land had the most TN and TP load per unit area, followed by grassland. Forest land had the least pollution load per unit area. NPS load has a remarkable association with the spatial distribution of precipitation across the entire watershed.

SWAT Model Simulation of Non-Point Source Pollution in the Miyun Reservoir Watershed