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The instability and unloading of surrounding rock structure in tunnel under TBM construction condition can easily induce large-scale rock caving in heading face, which seriously restricts safe and efficient tunneling. Aiming at the instability problem of surrounding rock structure of tunnel constructed by TBM, four types of slope induced by excavation disturbance are summarized systematically based on elastic hole theory, and the instability mechanism of roof structure and surrounding rock of tunnel is analyzed; the instability mechanism and catastrophic characteristics of surrounding rock structure of tunnel are analyzed by FLAC 3D  finite element numerical calculation software, and the roof transportation of tunnel after supporting is carried out. The amount of movement is greatly reduced and the overall failure degree of overlying strata is slowed down. The results show that the roof is prone to structural instability under the influence of tunneling disturbance. Tunnel support can effectively hinder the movement of overlying rock roof and floor, alleviate the probability of rock mass catastrophe, effectively control the dynamic disasters, and achieve safe tunneling.

Numerical Calculation of Instability of Tunnel Surrounding Rock Based on Elastic Hole Theory