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This article deals with the dynamics of prey and predator populations in a two patch environment, a protected area and an unprotected area for fishing. The prey disperses between the two patches and migrates easily. There are two predators, one is in the protected area and another is in the unprotected area. The predators cannot migrate. Both prey and predator in unprotected area are harvested with constant efforts. The dynamical behavior of the populations is stated as a system of differential equations. The existence of a positive equilibrium point and its stability are investigated. We discuss the local stability of the positive equilibrium point. The stable equilibrium point is then associated with optimal harvesting problems. Based on the analysis, we found that there exist a stable positive equilibrium point when there is no harvesting. For model with constant efforts for both prey and predator, we found that over fishing will maximize the profit but the predator in the unprotected area will be extinct. With the help of Pontryagin’s maximum principle in maximizing the present value of revenues, we found the extremal of the efforts that maximize the present value of revenues. This means that both prey and predator in the protected area as well as the prey and predator in the unprotected area are possibly coexist although the prey and the predator in the unprotected area are harvested with constant efforts. Some numerical simulations area given to confirm the result of analysis.

Optimal harvesting of prey-predator fishery modeling in a two patch environment and harvesting in unprotected area