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China’s power sector as the major CO2 emitter has experienced significant restructuring, which has profound impacts on employment in both power and its upstream sectors. Combining the input-output and structural path analysis, we quantified the direct and indirect impacts of power transformation on employment in China during 2012-2017. The direct employment in power generation sector witnessed a net growth of 0.12 million, while over ten times of jobs (1.40 million) have been lost in the upstream sectors, mainly attributed to coal mining and washing, finance, oil and gas extraction and transportation. Among the top 10 critical paths, the share of employment driven by solar and wind power increased to 12.31% in 2017, more than 9 times of that in 2012. Furthermore, three scenarios have been set up to evaluate the employment pattern in 2030 and 2050. Under 1.5℃ scenario, projection shows that power sector can drive over 5 million jobs in 2050, and more than 80% of which are related to renewable energy. Policy suggestions for just transition, such as resettlement of laid-off workers and job transfer in upstream industries have been comprehensively discussed.

China’s power transformation may drastically change employment patterns in the power sector and its upstream supply chains